What are the design components of an optical system?

What are the design components of an optical system?
1 light source
China's vast territory, there are many large and small rivers, inland waterway beacon light demand is greater, while the longer coastline for coastal beacon light also has a certain demand. Due to the application of beacon lights in different regions, the light intensity requirements are also different. Therefore, our beacon light source adopts a disk structure, and the corresponding optical system to form a relatively independent light-emitting unit, then the actual application, according to the need to choose the number of units used in the lamps and lanterns, to obtain different ranges.
According to the above design idea, the design determines that the half-value full diffusion angle of a single light-emitting unit is 8°, and the z-large light intensity value is 30 cd, then two light-emitting units can basically satisfy the needs of inland waterways, and the range can be up to 3.8 nm; and three to four units can meet the general offshore requirements, and the range can be up to 5.5 nm. Therefore, we consider that in each unit, 28 LEDs can be used for the light source.
2 Lens design
Placing the diffuse light source in a certain position of the convex lens can make different changes in the emitted light.
It can be seen that placing the light source at an appropriately out-of-focus position, either in or out of focus, can result in appropriate convergence of the outgoing light from the light source.
We chose to place the light source inside the focal point of the lens; the farther the light source is from the lens, the less light flux from the light source is collected by the lens, and thus the lower the efficiency of the lens system.

According to the formula for a monoconvex lens:
r = (nL-1)f
Where r - the radius of curvature of the convex surface
nL - refractive index of the lens material
f - focal length of the lens
In the case of the selected lens material, the larger the focal length, the larger the radius of curvature. Under the condition of the same lens aperture Φ, the larger the radius of curvature, the thinner the lens is, and the thicker the lens is, the more obvious the aberration will be, thus affecting the use effect. Therefore, choose a lens with a larger focal length as much as possible.
At the same time, the increase in focal length, the increase in the size of the optical system, so the focal length of the lens can not be a pursuit of large.
According to the light distribution requirements of the beacon light discussed earlier, it can be seen that the role of the lens is mainly to make the disc-shaped light source in the vertical direction of light convergence, while not affecting the uniformity of the horizontal light distribution.
Since the thickness of the lens is not very large, a Fresnel lens is not used to avoid increasing the tediousness and cost of processing.

Keywords: intelligent lighting

Difference between primary and secondary optical design

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